{"id":410,"date":"2025-11-15T13:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T13:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arabculturalclub.org\/?p=410"},"modified":"2025-12-18T19:26:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T19:26:03","slug":"%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%88-%d9%83%d9%88%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%83%d9%85-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%82-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabculturalclub.org\/?p=410","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0648\/ \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642.. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u064a\u062b"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0644 David Wallace- well \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 The unhabitable Earth \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u201c\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646” .<\/span>
\n\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 Wallace- well \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u062f (Permafrost) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646 1\u060c8 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 34 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span>
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\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 .<\/span>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a “\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629” \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1918 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0623\u064a 5 % \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649). \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u064a. \u0628\u064a. \u0633\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a (smallpox and bubonic plagues ) \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 .<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 8 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 “\u0647\u0631\u0628” \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640440 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629” \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2080\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 21 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/span>
\n* \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 35% \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 650 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/span>
\n* \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 1.2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1920 \u0648 1950\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1975. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/span>
\n* \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.7 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n* \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978.<\/span>
\n* \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 500 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a.<\/span>
\n* \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2.5 \u06489 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 400 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 22 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0645\u0631 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627) \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/span>
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0623..<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631 (William greider ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 ( Francios Partant) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0631 Frank Fenner \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1600\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f Jared Diamond \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0643\u0644 “\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629”.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 Eric Pianka\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0639\u062a “\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640109 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0642\u0650\u062f \u0641\u064a 3-5 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2006 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631” \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a”. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 10 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u061f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648 David Attenborough\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644:” \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646”. . \u0648\u0641\u064a 26 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1988\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 Church of Euthanasia \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636)\u060c \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b” \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span>
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\n\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627) \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 ” \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631” \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621: \u201c\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a”.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648- \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a AI\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 “\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629” \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0651\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 Azeem Azhar \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 The exponential age \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631 Moores law (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a) \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u0648\u0629 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\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 singularity university) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022) \u0633\u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a”.<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0637\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064c\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064c\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span>
\n1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/span>
\n2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/span>
\n3- \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c<\/span>
\n4- \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629) \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/span>
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span>
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\n\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0634\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0643”: \u201c\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629” (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645).<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a (Mckinsys technology council) \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: 1- \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 Automation and virtualization\u060c<\/span>
\n2- \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640G5 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
\n3- \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 AI \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/span>
\n5- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Nanomaterials ) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/span>
\n6- \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/span>
\n\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u062b\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/span>
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\n“\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631”<\/span>
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\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0640Joseph schumpeter (\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy ) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642”: \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 world watch \u201c\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/span>
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/span>
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\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c “\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647”. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627”. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0645\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0651\u0639” (saturation) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646 Gilbert Simondon \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 “\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a.. \u0623\u0644\u062e) \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d “\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b”\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0651\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647”.<\/span>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:<\/span>
\n****<\/span>
\n“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ( \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
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\n________<\/span>
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